Also, the activation of the complement system will trigger histamine release and increase vascular permeability, which leads to an inflammatory response in the tissues and joints.
These levels can be used to differentiate serum sickness from a serum sickness-like reaction, which will have normal complement levels. The deposition of immune complexes may also activate the classical complement pathway, leading to lower levels of circulating C3 and C4. If the macrophage activating system is not functioning properly, these complexes will become saturated in the circulation, leading to immune complex deposition, most commonly in parenchymal tissues and synovial joint fluid. When a patient is exposed to a foreign serum protein, it takes approximately 6-10 days for antibodies to develop and form antigen-antibody complexes and is considered a Type III immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction.
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